{"id":15222,"date":"2023-04-16T08:59:04","date_gmt":"2023-04-16T07:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/a-heartfelt-exploration-of-one-of-the-maestros-of-modern-british-cinema-a-review-of-tracking-loach-by-david-archibald\/"},"modified":"2023-04-16T08:59:04","modified_gmt":"2023-04-16T07:59:04","slug":"a-heartfelt-exploration-of-one-of-the-maestros-of-modern-british-cinema-a-review-of-tracking-loach-by-david-archibald","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/a-heartfelt-exploration-of-one-of-the-maestros-of-modern-british-cinema-a-review-of-tracking-loach-by-david-archibald\/","title":{"rendered":"A heartfelt exploration of one of the maestros of modern British cinema: Tracking Loach, by David Archibald"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-15218\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1475\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f-600x885.jpg 600w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f-203x300.jpg 203w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f-299x441.jpg 299w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f-768x1133.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f-1x1.jpg 1w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/00c935e00a0e1781a9130e68a6026b4f-7x10.jpg 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Brett Gregory<\/strong> reviews\u00a0\u2018Tracking Loach\u2019 by David Archibald (<a href=\"https:\/\/edinburghuniversitypress.com\/book-tracking-loach.html\">Edinburgh University Press, 2023<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>David Archibald\u2019s book, \u2018Tracking Loach\u2019, is an academic celebration of Ken Loach\u2019s 60 year career in socialist filmmaking and political activism. It is also an extremely timely publication in that Loach\u2019s latest film, \u2018The Old Oak\u2019, will be receiving its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival 2023.<\/p>\n<p>The author\u2019s unique approach is to prioritise the contextual mechanics of film production studies over the theoretical speculation of critical screen studies, arguing that the reflective observation of the methodologies and logistics involved in preparing, shooting and exhibiting a feature film should elicit a complementary understanding of a filmmaker\u2019s aesthetic. This reminds me of a television interview with David Niven from the 1970s where he asks something along the lines of: \u2018How can a critic write a decent review if he\u2019s never actually made a movie himself?\u2019<\/p>\n<p>During Archibald\u2019s ethnographic pursuit of Loach\u2019s poetic and political process his primary sources of data are the annotations, interviews, shooting documents, digital footage and photographs he accrues while being physically present during the production and exhibition of Loach\u2019s working-class comedy-drama set in Glasgow, \u2018The Angel\u2019s Share\u2019 (2012).<\/p>\n<p>It should be noted that to be granted access to such a complex and sensitive creative environment and its extremely busy and anxious workforce \u2013 its technicians and performers \u2013 and, in turn, to enjoy the company and trust of its leaders who have the weight of a major production bearing down on them \u2013 Ken Loach (Director), Paul Laverty (Screenwriter) and Rebecca O\u2019Brien (Producer) \u2013 is a memorable achievement in itself.<\/p>\n<p>To accompany him on his journey the author also draws on a wide variety of historical and theoretical secondary sources, including the BFI\u2019s Ken Loach Archive, and, as a working-class filmmaker, postgraduate and former film studies lecturer, I found many of his scholarly citations to be just as illuminating as his on-set observations.<\/p>\n<p>For example, when working alongside his early screenwriting partner, Jim Allen, Archibald highlights that Loach\u2019s television productions in the late 1960s and early 1970s were influenced by the political ideas of Leon Trotsky in that the UK\u2019s established democratic system was seen to be inadequate with regards to the economic interests of the proletariat.<\/p>\n<p>Following on from this it is argued that Loach\u2019s films generally aim to reveal to the audience, either explicitly or implicitly, the harsh realities, exploitation and despair of working-class experience and, in turn, that capitalism is not a natural, normal or inevitable way of ordering or governing society.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5H8gSosSr1A\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>With this in mind the socialist concerns of Loach\u2019s <em>oeuvre<\/em> have generally transitioned from addressing issues such as organised labour in \u2018The Big Flame\u2019 (1969) and \u2018The Rank and File\u2019 (1971), to unorganised labour in \u2018Riff Raff\u2019 (1991) and \u2018The Navigators\u2019 (2001), and then on to unemployed labour in \u2018Sweet Sixteen\u2019 (2002) and \u2018I, Daniel Blake\u2019 (2016).<\/p>\n<p>While such films could be viewed as a war artist\u2019s mournful depiction of socio-economic casualties lying strewn across a neoliberal battlefield, Archibald posits with reference to the Italian historian, Enzo Traverso, that they can also be understood as evidential \u2018open wounds\u2019 which the Left need to nurse so the embers of possibility can once again be reignited.<\/p>\n<p>Aware of Raymond Williams\u2019 contention that \u2018to be truly radical is to make hope possible, rather than despair convincing\u2019, the author proceeds to cite Newland and Hoyle\u2019s view that in some ways Loach\u2019s creative output in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century has begun to move away from the wholly melancholic art cinema of, say, \u2018My Name Is Joe\u2019 (1998) and on towards the Ealing comedy tradition with films like \u2018Looking for Eric\u2019 (2009) and \u2018The Angel\u2019s Share\u2019 (2012). Indeed, as Loach himself states in a footnote, \u2018not every film has to end with a fist clenched in the air.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Loach is a social realist director with the eye of a sympathetic documentarian, influenced by, amongst other things, Joan Littlewood\u2019s Theatre Workshop, the Free Cinema Movement and the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century current affairs programme, \u2018World in Action\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, similar to the generic conventions exhibited in films from the Italian neo-realist movement such as \u2018Rome, Open City\u2019 (1945) and \u2018The Bicycle Thieves\u2019 (1948), Archibald frequently underscores Loach\u2019s overarching quest to, paradoxically, recreate spontaneity, authenticity and \u2018truth\u2019 in his fictional work by employing predominantly naturalistic filmmaking techniques.<\/p>\n<p>By shooting on a \u2018real\u2019 location instead of within an \u2018artificial\u2019 studio Loach\u2019s objective is to not only encourage the actors to respond to their surrounding environment like recognisable, everyday human beings, but to also display the historical power relations which are inscribed into, for example, the municipal buildings which overshadow them.<\/p>\n<p>Echoing John Grierson\u2019s principle of \u2018actuality\u2019, Loach tends to shoot static medium long shots with the filming apparatus and its crew as far away from the \u2018action\u2019 as possible, a tactical attempt to motivate the audience to decide what is important and what to focus on, as if they themselves are simply observing matters from across the street.<\/p>\n<p>In turn, this sense of things \u2018really happening\u2019 is often reinforced by natural lighting during a shoot via the sky for exteriors or windows for interiors, and by way of continuity editing in post-production so as not to \u2018interfere\u2019 with the actors\u2019 onscreen performances and the linear story they are striving to tell.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-15220\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kes-bfi-00n-nvf.jpg\" alt=\"kes bfi 00n nvf\" width=\"461\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kes-bfi-00n-nvf.jpg 461w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kes-bfi-00n-nvf-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kes-bfi-00n-nvf-441x331.jpg 441w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kes-bfi-00n-nvf-1x1.jpg 1w, http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/kes-bfi-00n-nvf-10x8.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Of course, to achieve \u2018the illusion of the first time\u2019 casting is crucial, and Loach\u2019s production team frequently enlist non-professional or amateur actors as a consequence. David Bradley as Billy Casper in \u2018Kes\u2019 (1969), Crissy Rock as Maggie Conlan in \u2018Ladybird, Ladybird\u2019 (1994) and Martin Compston as Liam in \u2018Sweet Sixteen\u2019 (2002) are just three notable examples.<\/p>\n<p>As well as providing a real world opportunity for a filmmaker to collaborate, explore and develop a character more or less from scratch, Jennifer Beth Spiegel points out that casting non-professional or amateur actors is also good for marketing in that it draws the attention of the popular press by way of the presumption that these ordinary individuals are pure and unsullied by the elbow grease of the film industry and the ego of show business.<\/p>\n<p>An important factor in this process is that unlike most other independent British production companies, Ken Loach and Rebecca O\u2019Brien\u2019s \u2018Sixteen Films\u2019 has become well-financed and self-sufficient over the decades and as a result they have the time to carry out lengthy scouting missions in order to locate and secure the right actor for the right role.<\/p>\n<p>So to achieve a sense of verisimilitude on screen and in the minds of the audience, Loach <em>et al<\/em> seek out and cast performers who, besides their physical appearance, not only share similar personality traits with the characters they are pencilled in to play, but who also originate from similar socioeconomic backgrounds.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QhQeWhqs1bA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" title=\"YouTube video player\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>This approach is exemplified by the casting of Paul Brannigan as Gareth O\u2019Connor in \u2018The Angel\u2019s Share\u2019 in that the film\u2019s screenwriter, Paul Laverty, first encountered him while conducting research at Strathclyde Police\u2019s Violence Reduction Unit. As Archibald relates, in line with his onscreen character, Brannigan, born in Glasgow\u2019s East End, had been imprisoned for violent crimes and gangland feuding, but was also \u2018attempting to go straight\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, critics will argue that the casting of non-professional actors undermines the history and craft of acting, the experience involved, the knowledge accumulated, the techniques learned, the talent nurtured. For example, in an interview with the author, the actor Roger Allam points out that amateur actors \u2018would be at a loss in a Moli\u00e8re play\u2019. While this may be true, a reasonable response would be: what other practical routes are there available in the UK for the working class to climb up on to the silver screen and represent their identities, communities and histories fairly?<\/p>\n<p>In an industry predominantly based in London and owned, run and populated by the middle class and their superiors, the costs involved to train as an actor are astronomical to an ordinary person and the distance to travel, particularly for those in the North, preposterous. Indeed, the few British working-class actors who are lucky enough to enjoy a public platform have consistently highlighted this socio-cultural system of privilege, prejudice and exclusion over recent years.<\/p>\n<p>While Christopher Eccleston asserts that the \u2018working class \u2026 are not wanted in the arts anymore\u2019, James McAvoy argues that the dominance of privately educated British actors in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century is \u2018damaging for society\u2019. In turn, Gary Oldman has stated that he is unable to direct a follow-up to his incendiary \u2018Nil by Mouth\u2019 (1997) because \u2018<em>They<\/em> don\u2019t want another one. <em>They<\/em> want \u2018Four Weddings and a Funeral\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>In the light of these socio-economic and ideological realities, Loach\u2019s casting of non-professional and amateur actors \u2013 together with the working-class stories he tells and the working-class worlds he creates \u2013 should be regarded not simply as an aesthetic choice or even socialist posturing. Under the stifling, reductive right-wing administration we are all currently enduring in the UK, enabled on a day-to-day basis by numerous obsequious and self-serving cultural institutions and organisations, it could be reasonably argued that such an approach is, in truth, a revolutionary act.<\/p>\n<p>In his epilogue Archibald includes an apposite quote from the Spanish filmmaker, Luis Bu\u00f1uel:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018A writer or painter cannot change the world but they can keep an essential margin of non-conformity alive. Thanks to them, the powerful can never affirm that everyone agrees with their acts.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In \u2018Tracking Loach\u2019 there is so much more to discover and learn from its unique, rigorous and genuinely heartfelt exploration of one of the maestros of modern British cinema and modern British politics, Ken Loach. It is highly recommended.<\/p>\n<p><em>Brett Gregory is the writer\/director of the critically acclaimed, self-funded working-class feature film, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.culturematters.org.uk\/index.php\/arts\/films\/item\/4140-nobody-loves-you-and-you-don-t-deserve-to-exist\">\u2018Nobody Loves You and You Don\u2019t Deserve to Exist\u2019 (2022).<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Brett Gregory reviews\u00a0\u2018Tracking Loach\u2019 by David Archibald (Edinburgh University Press, 2023) David Archibald\u2019s book, \u2018Tracking Loach\u2019, is an academic celebration of Ken Loach\u2019s 60 year career in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":651,"featured_media":15218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-films-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/651"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15222\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gfdesign.co.uk\/culture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}